I have thought a little more about Freud lately, partly because Jon Paul is taking a course on philosophy in movies and literature. In Freud’s view, sublimation is a defense mechanism that allows base drives of libido – sexual and aggressive impulses – to be expressed in socially acceptable ways (e.g. through art).

Of course, this idea comes from Freud’s biological view that sexual and aggressive drives are inborn and fuel all human activities. It is of note, however, that curiosity and creativity are also present in very small children, even in those who have no pressing aggressive or sexual energy to defend against. It also seems clear that people who are not at all defended against their aggression and sexuality (like David, the psalmist) are capable of producing extraordinary art.

I know that sometimes my sexual and aggressive actions are fueled by frustration of my creative drive. Similarly, compulsive eating, smoking and other addictive behaviors may be a debasement of our desire for transcendence. This desire flows from God’s spirit within. Thus we long for enlightenment, for intimacy, for self-expression, for interest, excitement and novelty, for beauty and inspiration.

Engaging things that offer us power and control over loneliness, fear and grief reveals our need for God. These maneuvers are a debased attempt to find fulfillment in this sphere for what shall only be fully satisfied in another.

Even sexuality and aggression may at times be a defense against the acute awareness of our isolation and powerlessness. Maybe Sigmund had it backward, since he started with the lower thing –the flesh– and tried to explain through it the higher –the spirit.